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Background Most metro system are underground, airtight, with inadequate ventilation and massive gatherings, posing health risks to metro riders. Objective To evaluate air quality of Metro Line 1 in a city, and provide suggestions and basis for preventing harmful factors and protecting the health of passengers. Methods Station halls, station platforms, and metro carriages of Metro Line 1 in a city were monitored in summer (from July to August in 2021) and winter (from January to February in 2022). Six metro stations were selected by stratified sampling. Each station and carriage were monitored for three consecutive days in rush hours (9:00–11:00 and 19:00–21:00) and non-rush hours (11:00–13:00), with the same monitoring frequency. The monitored indicators were physical factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, illumination, and noise), chemical factors (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, inhalable particles, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, ammonia, and ozone), biological factor (airborne total bacterial count), and radiation factor (radon). The monitoring results were compared by location, time period, and season. Results According to the Hygienic indicators and limits for public places (GB 37488—2019), the selected physical factors did not meet the standard, especially the temperature and relative humidity of station hall and platform, and wind speed and noise of carriage. The results of physical factors varied significantly by location (P<0.05). In summer, the temperature of carriage [M (P25, P75), 23.9 (23.3, 24.6)℃] was the lowest, and the wind speed [0.78 (0.37, 1.11) m·s−1] and noise [76.0 (72.0, 80.3) dB] of carriage were the highest; in winter, the temperatures of station hall and platform were the lowest [16.2 (13.2, 17.2)℃ and 16.2 (13.4, 17.0)℃, respectively], the relative humidity of carriage [26.4% (24.2%, 27.9%)] was the lowest, and the wind speed and noise of carriage were the highest [0.83 (0.47, 1.18) m·s−1 and 74.5 (70.1, 78.3) dB, respectively]. The physical factors varied significantly by time period (P<0.05). In summer, the temperature was the lowest during morning rush hours [24.0 (23.0, 24.8)℃] and non-rush hours [24.2 (23.2, 24.9)℃], and the relative humidity during evening rush hours was the lowest [41.9% (37.0%, 47.8%)]; in winter, the temperature was the lowest during morning and evening rush hours [16.8 (13.4, 19.7)℃ and 16.5 (15.1, 19.4)℃, respectively], the relative humidity during the non-rush period was the lowest [26.8% (24.7%, 28.6%)], and the wind speed during evening rush hours was the highest [0.28 (0.19, 0.51) m·s−1]. All measured chemical factors, biological factor, and radiation factor met the national standard (GB 37488—2019). Conclusion The chemical, biological, and radiative factors are complied with the national standard (GB 37488—2019) except physical factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and noise. We suggest that the metro operators make full use of air conditioning system in combination with humidifiers to better regulate temperature and relative humidity, and .arrange working hours reasonably and provide noise-proof earplugs for carriage staff to protect against noise hazard.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of different chimerism strategies and different immune ways on the two antigen-dominant regions of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus (XHFV) glycoprotein.Methods:The 5' end was added or not added with interleukin-2 (IL-2) signal peptide and the general-purpose auxiliary T cell epitopes as different design strategies. GcⅠ and GcⅡ and the epitopes previously identified on GcⅠ (Gc 233-248, Gc 241-256 and Gc 281-296) were fused and constructed into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 and the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a. The recombinant prokaryotic plasmid transformed into E.coli BL21 was induced and purified, and the recombinant eukaryotes were extracted by indirect immunofluorescent assay. BALB/c mice were immunized by protein immunity, gene immunity, and DNA prime-protein boost immunity. The IgG antibody level was measured by ELISA. The immune effect was evaluated by the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and the content of cytokines in the spleen. Results:The results of double enzyme digestion and sequencing showed that eight recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed, and the recombinant eukaryotes were successfully expressed in vitro by fluorescence microscopy. After three times of immunization, the IgG level and the proliferation of T-lymphocytes in the spleen of mice in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The mass concentration test results of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and Th1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) revealed that the response of the DNA prime-protein boost immunity was biased to Th1. Conclusions:The multi-epitope chimeric vaccine of XHFV glycoprotein was successfully constructed, and the target antigen could be expressed effectively in vivo. The immune groups stimulated stronger humoral and cellular immune responses compared with the control group. Among them, the immune effect of pVAX1-ST(GcⅠe+GcⅡ) combined with recombinant protein r(GcⅠe+GcⅡ) was the best, and it is expected to be a new candidate vaccine for XHFV.
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ObjectiveTo determine the current status and characteristics of tuberculosis （TB） registration and treatment in Kashgar， and to provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention and control measures in future. MethodsKashgar registered TB cases information in 2011 to 2020 was exported from the National Tuberculosis Management Information System. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0. ResultsFrom 2011 to 2020， number of Kashgar registered TB patients showed rising trend， followed by a falling one. Average proportion of annual decline in registered TB incidence was 40.48% from 2018 to 2020. From 2011 to 2016， number of registered TB patients in women was always higher than that in men， with a gender ratio （male ： female） of about 0.90. In 2017， the gender ratio was 1.00. From 2018 to 2020， the gender ratios were 1.05， 1.20， and 1.12， respectively. Moreover， number of registered TB cases increased with age （χ2=547.79， P<0.001）. Proportion of registered TB cases was relatively large in Shache County （16.43%‒23.64%）， Yengisar County （9.51%‒13.87%） ， Kashgar City （8.11%‒11.40%）， Yecheng County （6.98%‒13.40%） and Bachu County（4.92%‒16.65%）. Proportion of recurrent TB cases in Kashgar had increased to 27.29%， 20.77% and 28.39% in 2018， 2019 and 2020， respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age， drug resistance， calendar year and etiological diagnosis were significantly correlated with the proportion of recurrent cases （all P<0.05）. ConclusionSince 2018， TB incidence has decreased significantly due to the increasing efforts for identification and treatment of TB cases. However， Kashgar remains facing a high TB incidence. TB cases that are elderly， drug-resistant and positive for pathogen are susceptible to recurrent treatment. In future， targeted prevention and control measures should be improved for these groups.
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Background Coal workers are inclined to report multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to their specific working environment and extensive exposure to occupational hazards, which seriously affect the physical and mental health of coal workers. objective To investigate the prevalence of multi-site WMSDs among workers in coal mining enterprises in Xinjiang, and analyze the related factors influencing multi-site WMSDs. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method, Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, Job Burnout Questionnaire, and Brief Occupational Stress Questionnaire were distributed in six Xinjiang coal mining enterprises to collect data on general information, prevalence of WMSDs in the past year, work-related information, job burnout, and occupational stress among coal miners with a working experience ≥ 1 year. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs. Results A total of 1730 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, 1448 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 83.7%. Among the 1448 coal miners, 93.2% were males and 6.8% were females; 39.2% were aged ≤ 35 years, 31.1% were aged 35-45 years, and 29.6% were aged > 45 years; 58.4% reported ≤ 10 years of working experience, 20.0% reported 10-20 years, and 21.6% reported > 20 years. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs in the coal miners was 75.6% (1095/1448), the prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs was 58.4% (846/1448), and the prevalence rate of one-site WMSDs was 17.2% (249/1448). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that working experience > 20 years (OR=2.245, 95%CI: 1.655-3.045), severe burnout (OR=2.644, 95%CI: 1.549-4.516), and multiple repetitive operations per minute very often (OR=2.038, 95%CI: 1.339-3.101), often bending at larger angles (OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.111-1.938), long-time bending the neck forward (OR=1.671, 95%CI: 1.294-2.159), and slipping or falling down (OR=2.459, 95%CI: 1.908-3.168) were positively correlated with multi-site WMSDs; sufficient rest time (OR=0.718, 95%CI: 0.565-0.913) was negatively correlated with multi-site WMSDs. Conclusion Multi-site WMSDs is common among workers in coal mining enterprises, and the prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs is higher than that of one-site WMSDs. Working experience, job burnout, frequent multiple repetitive operations per minute, often bending at larger angles, long-time bending the neck forward, slipping or falling down, and sufficient rest time are influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs in coal workers.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among physical examination populations at ages of 35 to 75 years in Karamay City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into the management of chronic disease control.@*Methods@#Residents receiving physical examinations at ages of 35 to 75 years were sampled from 9 communities in Karamay City using the cluster random sampling method. Demographic features and health-related behaviors were collected using questionnaires, and the height, weight, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels were measured. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was descriptively analyzed, and their risk factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.@*Results@# A total of 32 556 subjects were sampled, including 12 354 males ( 37.95% ) and 20 202 females ( 62.05% ), with a mean age of ( 56.63±12.78 ) years. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 31.72%, 12.18% and 28.69%, and the common comorbidity was dyslipidemia with hypertension ( 2 483 cases, 7.63% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified men ( OR=1.362, 1.823 and 1.130 ), ages of ≥40 years ( OR=3.327-14.019, 2.870-15.337 and 1.530-2.092 ), a family history of chronic diseases ( OR=1.147, 1.249 and 1.200 ), smoking ( OR=1.111, 1.464 and 1.248 ), meat-based diet ( OR=2.081, 2.266 and 1.110 ), vegetable-based diet ( OR=0.479, 0.353 and 0.634 ), underweight ( OR=0.504, 0.298 and 0.546 ), overweight ( OR=1.872, 1.565 and 1.289 ) and obesity ( OR=2.840, 2.177 and 1.230 ) as common influencing factors for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of hypertension is high among physical examination populations at ages of 35 to 75 years in Karamay City. Gender, age, a family history of chronic diseases, smoking, diet habits and body mass index are common factors affecting hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.
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Objective:To study the material basis of the drug effect of the raw material of lamb′s tripe and vitamin B12 capsule.Methods:Rennet and pepsin were extracted with 0.9% sodium chloride and were purified by saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose 52 and high pressure chromatography (HPLC) chromatography. Relative molecular weight was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The amino acid composition and antioxidant activity of raw materials were analyzed with HPLC. The raw materials were completely extracted with water, phosphate buffer and sodium bicarbonate in turn, and in vitro 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radil 2, 2-diphenyl-1-(2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical activity were measured. Glycoprotein from raw material was extracted with hot water and determined its growth-promoting activity gaginst Bifidobacterium adolescentis , Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and Enterococcus faecalis was measured. The composition of amino acid and monosaccharide were analyzed by HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Results:The enzyme activity of two purified rennet F6-2 and F7-2 which had different ionic strengths and pepsin F7-1 were 27 557.10, 17 532.60 and 17 728.15 U/g, respectively. The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that the molecular weights of three enzymes were similar, ranging from 35 000 to 40 000. The raw material contained 16 kinds of amino acids, of which hydrophobic amino acids accounted for 33.03% of the total amino acid content. When the sample concentration was 5 mg/mL, ABTS free radical scavenging activity of the three extracts was (37.80±0.45)%, (23.20±0.78)% and (62.80±0.74)%; DPPH free radical scavenging activity was (57.87±0.55)%, (5.03±0.25)% and (26.67±3.10)%, respectively. Glycoprotein extracts had promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and Enterococcus faecalis, and there was statistically significant difference in the promotion of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and Enterococcus faecalis ( P<0.05). The protein chain of glycoprotein was composed of 15 amino acids and the polysaccharide chain was composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and lactose. Conclusions:Two rennet and one pepsin are isolated and analyzed from raw material of lamb abomasum by various chromatographic methods. The raw material is rich in antioxidant active ingredients. The glycoprotein components of lamb abomasum has the activity of promoting the growth of probiotics.
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Objective::To preliminarily investigate the values of failure mode and postoperative radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with chest wall invasion.Methods:A total of 69 T 3 stage NSCLC patients who underwent thoracic surgery in our hospital from 2010 to 2018 and presented with postoperative pathological findings of chest wall invasion were recruited. The outcomes between the post-operative radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups were assessed by propsensity matching analysis. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis and Cox’s model prognostic factors analysis were performed. Results:The median survival time of 69 patients was 25 months and the median progression-free survival was 8 months. Thirty-six cases were diagnosed with primary stage M 0 including 28 cases (78%) of R 0 resection and 33 cases (48%) were diagnosed with stage M 1a and received non-R 0 resection because of pleural metastases. In total, 53 cases (77%) suffered from disease progression, and 26 cases (38%) experienced local recurrence including 58% of mediastinal lymph node recurrence and 36% of chest wall tumor bed recurrence. Distant metastases were observed in 50 cases (73%) including 43% of pleural metastases. Univariate analysis showed that age, pathological staging, range of primary lesion invasion, postoperative radiotherapy and postoperative targeted therapy were significantly associated with overall survival (all P<0.05). The overall survival in the postoperative radiotherapy group was better than that in the non-radiotherapy group. No statistical difference was observed in the progression-free survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:For NSCLC patients with chest wall invasion, distal metastasis failure is the main cause, while local failure mainly consists of mediastinal lymph node and chest wall recurrence. Postoperative radiotherapy may improve survival. Nevertheless, the combination and benefit degree of postoperative comprehensive treatment need to be further confirmed by prospective studies.
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OBJECTIVE：To optimize the extractio n technology of Fritillaria pallidiflora polysaccharides（FPSP），and to study its structure. METHODS ：Using the yield of FPSP as response value ，Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize solid-liquid ratio ，extraction temperature and extraction time of FPSP extraction technology. Structural properties of FPSP was characterized by UV spectrum ，FTIR，GC-MS，Congo red staining ，SEM，XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. RESULTS：The optimal technology parameters of FPSP were solid-liquid ratio of 1∶28（g/mL），extraction temperature of 94 ℃， extraction time of 2.5 h；the yield of FPSP was 16.25％（n＝3），the error of which to theoretical yield （16.58％）was 0.33％. FPSP contained xylose ，glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 1∶58.02∶0.73，and trace amount of mannose ；there was a weak absorption peak near the wavelength of 280 nm；belonged to α-configuration pyranopolysaccharide. FPSP was in triple-helical structure. The surface of FPSP was a network structure formed by irregular particles. FPSP had both crystalline and amorphous structures. FPSP had good thermostability. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimized extraction technology of FPSP is reasonable ，and has high extraction yield. The research might provide reference for the further development and utilization of F. pallidiflora .
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with hypertension and the levels of some elements in serum, and to provide a more scientific and reasonable basis for the control of T2DM. Methods A total of 1 024 T2DM patients admitted to a top three hospital in Urumqi from March 2015 to May 2016 were selected. Patients with T2DM were divided into T2DM with hypertension group and T2DM without hypertension group according to the presence or absence of hypertension. Various elements levels in the serum were analyzed. The correlation between serum levels and the incidence of hypertension with T2DM was analyzed, and the related risk factors were explored by using logistic regression. Results Among 1 024 T2DM patients, 627 patients had hypertension, accounting for 61.20%, while 397 patients had no hypertension, accounting for 38.80%. There was a positive correlation between serum sodium and magnesium levels with T2DM in hypertension (P<0.05). The increase of serum sodium level and the decrease of magnesium level were the risk factors of T2DM with hypertension. This result suggested that the difference of serum levels of various elements may play a role in the occurrence and the development of T2DM. Conclusions Serum sodium and magnesium levels were positively correlated with the incidence of T2DM with hypertension. The increase of serum sodium level and the decrease of magnesium level were influencing factors of the incidence of T2DM with hypertension. This study suggests that the serum levels of sodium and magnesium play a role in the occurrence and development of T2DM.
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Twelve alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria yuminensis by column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20, as well as RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified mainly by NMR and MS analyses as yubeinine(1), imperialine(2), delavinone(3), tortifoline(4), hupehenizioiside(5), imperialine-β-D-glucoside(6), kuroyurinidine(7), pengbeisine A(8), walujewine A(9), peimisine-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10), solanidine-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), and solanidine-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(12). Compounds 4-12 were obtained from F. yuminensis for the first time.
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Alkaloids , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Fritillaria , Chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Phytochemicals , Plant Roots , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the potential mechanisms that curcumin reverses 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) multidrug resistance (MDR).@*METHODS@#Cell growth and the inhibitory rate of curcumin (2-25 μg/mL) and/or 5-FU (0.05-1000 μg/mL) on human colon cancer HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU (5-FU-resistant cell line) were determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle after 5-FU and/or curcumin treatment were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of the multidrug resistance related factors p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP-27) genes and proteins were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB), respectively.@*RESULTS@#The inhibitory rate of curcumin or 5-FU on HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU cells proliferation at exponential phase were in a dosedependent manner, HCT-8 cell line was more sensitive to curcumin or 5-FU when compared the inhibitory rate of HCT-8/5-FU. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) of combination 5-FU and curcumin (4.0 μg/mL) in HCT-8/5-FU was calculated as 179.26 μg/mL, with reversal fold of 1.85. Another IC of combination 5-FU and curcumin (5.5 μg/mL) in HCT-8/5-FU was calculated as 89.25 μg/mL, with reversal fold of 3.71. Synergistic effect of 5-FU and curcumin on HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU cells were found. The cell cycle analysis performed by FCM showed that HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU cells mostly accumulated at G/G phase, which suggested a synergistic effect of curcumin and 5-FU to induce apoptosis. FCM analysis found that the percentage of apoptosis of cells treated with curcumin, 5-FU and their combination were significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05), and the percentage of apoptosis of the combination groups were slightly higher than other groups (P<0.05). The mRNA levels of P-gp (0.28±0.02) and HSP-27 (0.28±0.09) in HCT-8/5-FU cells treated with combination drugs were lower than cells treated with 5-FU alone (P-gp, 0.48±0.07, P=0.009; HSP-27, 0.57±0.10, P=0.007). The protein levels of P-gp (0.25±0.06) and HSP-27 (0.09±0.02) in HCT-8/5-FU cells treated with combination drugs were decreased when compared to 5-FU alone (P-gp, 0.46±0.02, P=0.005; HSP-27, 0.43±0.01, P=0.000).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Curcumin can inhibit the proliferation of human colon cancer cells. Curcumin has the ability of reversal effects on the multidrug resistance of human colon cancer cells lines HCT-8/5-FU. Down-regulation of P-gp and HSP-27 may be the mechanism of curcumin reversing the drug resistance of HCT-8/5-FU to 5-FU.
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Objective · To analyze the multidetector CT (MDCT) manifestations of mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) and further explore the diagnostic value of MDCT in acute and chronic MVT. Methods · MDCT findings of 47 MVT patients clinically confirmed in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Second People's Hospital in Kashgar from January 2012 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean CT value of thrombus on CT axial images of acute and chronic MVT was measured and calculated. According to CT values and CT manifestations, differences between the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results · Among 47 patients with MVT, there were 46 (97.87％) with filling defect of mesenteric vein and its branches, 34 (72.34％) with dilatation of blood vessels at the thrombosis site, 30 (63.82％) with intestinal wall thickening, 9 (19.15％) with enhanced delamination of intestinal wall, 11 (23.40％) with intestinal dilatation, 21 (44.68％) with ascites, and 25 (53.19％) with mesenteric edema. The mean CT value of MVT thrombus in acute group [ (42.88±17.77) HU] was higher than that in chronic group [ (31.80±6.18) HU] (P＜0.05). The proportion of MVT with vasodilation and target sign in acute group was higher than that in chronic group (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the ratio of other signs between the two groups. Conclusion · The MDCT findings of MVT patients are characteristic. CT value of thrombus, vasodilation and target sign are valuable in evaluating acute and chronic MVT.
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Objective To investigate the cytidine triphosphate synthetase 1 (CTPS1) expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines and its impaction on prognosis.Methods The GEO profiles database was searched to collect clinical data of 39 patients of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the relationship between the patients' prognosis and the expression of CTPS1.qPCR and Western blot were applied to detect the expression of CTPS1 in 4 pancreatic cancer cell lines.Results The mRNA expression of CTPS1 in Sw1990,BxPC-3,Panc1,and MIA-Capa2 was 1.00) ± 0.20,2.92±0.95,4.29±0.14,and 2.26±0.33 (t=-16.19,-11.45,-8.09,-13.12,P＜0.05) when compared to the normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line HPDE of 7.70 ± 0.72.The relative protein expression of CTPS1 in pancreatic cancer cell lines Sw1990,BxPC-3,Panc1,and MIA-Capa2 was 0.40 ± 0.06,0.20±0.09,0.68±0.11,and0.48±0.06 (t=-8.97,-10.5,-4.39,-7.88,P＜0.05) when compared to HPDE of 1.09 ±0.12.The overall survival (OS) in patients with higher CTPS1 expression than adjacent tissue was 28 months (95％ CI:9.2-46.8 months),and that with lower CTPS1 expression was 13 months (95％ CI:8.2-17.8 month),(x2 =4.02,P＜0.05).Conclusions CTPS1 in the pancreatic cancer cell lines are of low expression,and the level is positively related to patients' survival time.
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Currently,lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world.The local control (LC) rate is only 20％-40％ for patients with local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Hence,reducing the LC rate and enhancing the overall survival (OS) are pivotal research objectives.However,postoperative adjuvant treatment for patients with early NSCLC with chest wall invasion is still controversial.In this article,the research progress on T3 N0-1M0 NSCLC with chest wall invasion was reviewed from the perspectives including anatomical features,types of resection,patterns of failure and postoperative radiotherapy,etc.
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Objective This study was conducted to evaluate treatment-related toxicities,the patterns of failure,overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)by comparing IFI with ENI in combination with chemotherapy. Methods Eligible patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and randomized into either an IFI or ENI arm. The primary end points wereacute treatment-related toxicities. The secondary end points were patterns of failure,OS and PFS. Kaplan?Meier survival rate of the method for calculating the Logrank test difference method. Results Between April 2012 and October 2016,a total of 228 patients were enrolled from nine centers in china. Grade≥3,Grade≥2 radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis in the IFI arm were significantly lower than that of the ENI arm(P=0.018,0.027).No significant differences were observed in overall failure rates,loco-regional failure,distant failure rates,in-field and out-field lymph node failure between the two arms(P=0.401,0.561,0.510,0.561,0.681).The 1-,2-, 3-,4-yearand median OS in the ENI arm and IFI arm were 84.1%,57.3%,39.4%,31.6%,28 months and 83.6%,62.1%,44.5%,31.5%,32 months(P=0.654),respectively. The 1-,2-,3-yearand median PFS in the ENI arm and IFI arm were 71.9%,42.3%,32.7%,20 months and 70.1%,45.0%,35.9%,22 months (P=0.885),respectively. Conclusions Compared to ENI,IFI resulted in decreased radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis without sacrificing loco-regional lymph nodal control,PFS and OS in thoracic ESCC. Clinical Trial Registry Chinese Clinical trail registry,registration number:NCT01551589.
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Objective To observe the curative effect,failure pattern and treatment-related toxicities of elective nodal irradiation (ENI) and involved field irradiation (IFI) in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with radical radiotherapy, and determine the reasonable target delineation of radiotherapy. Methods Using prospective randomized controlled design, a total of 86 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were randomly allocated to two groups:ENI group(n=39)and IFI group(n=47).Both groups received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.In ENI group,the high-risk lymphatic drainage area received prophylactic irradiation on the basis of IFI group.After the treatment, all patients were followed up for 3~33 months.The median follow-up period was 15 months.The short-term effective rate, one year survival rate, progression free survival rate and the local control rate of two groups were calculated. The survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was compared using the Log-rank method.Meanwhile, the treatment failure pattern and incidence of adverse reactions were analyzed in the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in effective rate between ENI group and IFI group (92.3% vs. 95.7%,χ 2=0.460, P>0.05). The one-year survival rates were 66.7% and 68.1% for the two groups,respectively.The progression-free survival rates were 56.4% and 53.2% respectively.The local control rates were 92.3% and 87.5% respectively,with no statistical difference(P>0.05). The median survival time was 15 months at the end of the follow-up for group ENI and group IFI, and there was no significant difference in survival rate between two groups(Log-rank χ2=1.520,P=0.218).There were 35 cases with treatment failure in all 86 patients, of which 17 cases were in group ENI and 18 cases in group IFI. The regional failure rates were 35.9% and 27.7% in ENI and IFI groups respectively,distant metastasis rates were 20.5% and 14.9% respectively,in-field failure rates were 30.8% and 23.4% respectively, and out-of-field failure rates were 4.3% and 5.1% respectively, which showed no significant differences (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in side effects, the incidence of bone marrow suppression,gastrointestinal reactions,radiation esophagitis and radiation-induced lung injury between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion ENI shows similar recent efficacy, failure patterns, adverse reactions and prognosis with IFI for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving radical radiotherapy. So IFI treatment is recommended to minimize the exposure dosage of normal tissue.
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Objective To analyze the difference among the 3 guidehnes used to make surgical decision for branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN),then the guidelines were combined with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) respectively for further analysis.Methods Clinical data of 51 appropriate BD-IPMN patients who underwent surgical resection from January 2008 to December 2015 was retrospectively analyzed.Results The significant difference was exist in the consensus for followup criterion (P ＜ 0.05).The preoperative NLR and PLR were helpful for the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign BD-IPMN,because the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of NLR and PLR for prediction were 0.686 and 0.692,and the best boundary values were 2.64,92.56 respectively.The consensus combined with PLR could improve the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV),besides,the specificity and PPV could achieve 70.3％,54.2％ respectively while the sensitivity (92.9％) still remained at an ideal level after international consensus guideline combined with PLR.Conclusions NLR ≥ 2.64 and PLR ≥ 92.56 were predictive markers for the presence of BD-IPMN associated invasive tumor.The addition of PLR as a criterion to the international consensus guideline improved the accuracy of international consensus guidelines in estimating invasive BD-IPMN.
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Objective To assess the effectiveness of Bankart repair under arthroscope in treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder joint instability. Methods From February 2010 to February 2015, 63 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation under arthroscipic Bankart repair, and 53 patients (28 male, 25 female) were available for follow-up. The mean age at the time of surgery was 27.9 years (range, 16 ~ 51). All of the 63 patients underwent surgical treatments, and the effectiveness was evaluated with University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon scores (ASES), Constant-Murley scores, forward elevation, abduction and external rotation and X-ray. Results The ASES scores, UCLA scores were (97.0 ± 6.8), (29.6 ± 2.5) respectively, improved significantly higher after the surgery (P < 0.05). No significant change was found regarding Constant-Murley scores (99.1 ± 2.4), forward elevation (168.7 ± 2.7)°, abduction and external rotation (72.6 ± 8.7)° compared with the pre-operation. Conclusions Significant difference between pre-operation and post-operation suggests that Arthroscopic Bankart repair is a good option for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation without large glenoid bone loss and poor quality Ligament and joint capsule. Risk factors of recurrence should be evaluated before the surgery to reduce the recurrence rate of dislocation.
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Objective@#To understand the histopathological and ultrastructural pathology changes of great gerbils in the Junggar Basin to Yersinia pestis infection.@*Methods@#Forty captured great gerbils from the Junggar Basin that tested negative for anti-F1 antibodies were infected. The Y. pestis strain 2504, isolated from a live great gerbil in the natural plague foci of the Junggar Basin in 2005 with a median lethal dose (LD50) of <10 CFU/ml, was used in this study. Forty great gerbils were divided into seven infection groups and were subcutaneously infected with 7.4×105, 7.4×106, 7.4×107, 7.4×108, 7.4×109, 7.4×1010, or 3.0×1011 CFU/ml of 2504. One milliliter of physiological saline was injected in the noninfected group as a control. We collected the liver, spleen, heart, and lung from all animals for histopathologic and ultrastructural pathology examination.@*Results@#Great gerbils in the 7.4×108-3.0×1011 CFU/ml groups did not survive and exhibited pathological changes and altered ultrastructural pathology. The liver tissue of infected great gerbils showed spotty necrosis and fatty degeneration, intranuclear canaliculi with increased hepatocytes, and uneven distribution of organelles. Additionally, reactive proliferation of lymphoid tissue in the spleen, blood sinusoid lacunae with neutrophil infiltration, and phagocytosed bacteria in phagocyte cells were observed. Myocardial fiber hypertrophy and interstitial indistinction, nuclear matrices decreased in cardiac myocytes, and loose arrangement of myogenic fibers in myocardial cells were also observed. Angiectasia, capillary congestion, and tissue necrosis were found in the lung. No significant difference in histopathological and ultrastructural pathology in the parenchymal organ was observed between the 7.4×105-7.4×107 CFU/ml groups and the 7.4×108-3.0×1011 CFU/ml groups, and no specific death caused by Y. pestis infection was apparent in the 7.4×105-7.4×107 CFU/ml groups.@*Conclusion@#Y. pestis infection altered tissue and ultrastructural pathology in the parenchyma apparatus of great gerbils. In particular, the liver and spleen appeared to be the primary site of Y. pestis infection in great gerbils.
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Objective To explore the epidemic situation of animal plague in Junggar Basin natural plague foci.Methods Data on epidemics of plague and on population involved,as well as results on antibodies and pathogens,were analyzed.Samples on animals and vectors were collected from 18 counties in Junggar Basin plague natural foci between 2007 and 2016.Results The density of Rhombomys (R.) opimus was temporally fluctuant,from 2.1/hm2 to 22.6/hm2 respectively.However,the spatial distribution appeared asymmetrical,with the highest seen in Kelamayi and Wumuqimidong counties,as 14.2/hm2 and 13.0/hrn2 respectively.Rates of capture on nocturnal rodents were from 4.2％ to 10.1％,with the highest rate as 10.1％ in 2014.Meriones meridianus appeared the dominant species in the nocturnal community of rodents,which accounted for 81.9％.Regarding the spatial and temporal distributions,rates ofR.opimus with fleas appeared fluctuant,with an average rate as 90.7％ and the average total flea index was 10.44.In flea community of R.opimus,Xenopsylla (X.)skrjabini was found the dominant species,popular in distribution and accounted for 47.8％.The average rate of nocturnal rodents with flea was 20.2％,with total flea index as 1.20 and the dominant fleas were X.conformis conformis and Nosopsyllus laeviceps.A total of 13 species with 9 087 serum samples from rodents were detected as having Y.pestis antibody by IHA,with 617 positive samples.Of them,the positive rate of having R.opimus appeared the highest (9.4％),followed by D.sagitta (1.1％).Spatially,two clustered areas were found,with one in the eastern Junggar Basin from Changji to Mulei county,with the antibody positive rates ofR.opimus as 14.3％.The other one was in the central area of Junggar Basin,including Kelamayi,Shawan and Wusu counties,with the antibody positive rate as 13.6％.The prevalence of plague on R.opimus was fluctuant,with the lowest seen in 2008,with the average antibody positive rate of R.opimus as 1.0％ and the highest as 19.3％ in 2013.A total of 18 strains were isolated from 2007 to 2016.However,most of the strains were isolated from R.opimus and parasitic fleas,accounted for 8/9,in Kelamayi,Wulumuqi-midong and Jimusaer,respectively.Conclusions Complex ecosystem was seen in the Junggar Basin natural plague foci,with the multiple composition of species and different community structure of hosts and vectors,plus the flustering prevalence.Animal plague was seen in the whole region with succession of the plague nature foci.Passive transmission of plague between human beings and animals through close contacts was seen which was driven by economic benefits to some degree.